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Suggested Reading
These resources are produced by third parties over whom Novartis Pharmaceuticals
Corporation has no control. As such, Novartis Pharmaceuticals Corporation makes no representation
as to the accuracy or any other aspect of the information contained in such resources.
The following list of suggested readings includes important information on Parkinson's
disease (PD) research as well as the latest thinking in the field on the etiology of levodopa-associated
motor complications and how to manage them.
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Complications associated with levodopa therapy
Hillen ME, Sage JI. Nonmotor fluctuations in patients with Parkinson's disease.
Neurology. 1996;47:1180-1183.
Koller WC. Management of motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease.
Eur Neurol. 1996;36:43-48.
Marsden CD, Parkes JD. "On-off" effects in patients with Parkinson's disease
on chronic levodopa therapy. Lancet. 1976;1:292-296.
Obeso JA, Linazasoro G, Gorospe A, et al. Complications associated with chronic
levodopa therapy in Parkinson';s disease. In: Olanow CW, Obeso JA, eds. Beyond the Decade of
the Brain. Vol 2. Dopamine agonists in early Parkinson's disease.
Kent, UK: Wells Medical Limited; 1997:11-35.
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Etiology of levodopa-associated complications and the importance of continuous
dopaminergic stimulation
Chase TN. Levodopa therapy: Consequences of the nonphysiologic replacement of
dopamine. Neurology. 1998;50(suppl 5):S17-S25.
Chase TN. The significance of continuous dopaminergic stimulation in the treatment
of Parkinson's disease. Drugs. 1998;55(suppl 1):1-9.
Chase TN, Baronti F, Fabbrini G, et al. Rationale for continuous dopaminomimetic
therapy of Parkinson's disease. Neurology. 1989;39:7-10.
Rinne UK, Bracco F, Chouza C, et al. Early treatment of Parkinson's disease with
cabergoline delays the onset of motor complications: results of a double-blind levodopa
controlled trial. Drugs. 1998;55(suppl 1):23-30.
Sage JI, Schuh L, Heikkila RE, et al. Continuous duodenal infusions of levodopa:
plasma concentrations and motor fluctuations in Parkinson's disease.
Clin Neuropharmacol. 1988;11:36-44.
Stocchi F. Continuous dopaminergic stimulation in Parkinson's disease treatment.
Focus on Parkinson's Disease. 1998;10:60-63.
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Rationale for COMT inhibition in levodopa therapy
Dingemanse J. Catechol-O-methyltransferase inhibitors: clinical
potential in the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Drug Dev Res. 1997;42:1-25.
Männistö PT, Kaakkola S. Rationale for selective COMT inhibitors as
adjuncts in the drug treatment of Parkinson's disease. Pharmacol Toxicol. 1990;66:317-323.
Olanow CW, Koller WC. An algorithm (decision tree) for the management of Parkinson's
disease: treatment guidelines. Neurology. 1998;50(suppl 3):S1-S57.
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Pharmacokinetics of COMT inhibitors and the effect of COMT inhibition on
levodopa pharmacokinetics
Keränen T, Gordin A, Karlsson M, et al. Inhibition of soluble
catechol-O-methyltransferase and single-dose pharmacokinetics after oral and
intravenous administration of entacapone. Eur J Clin Pharmacol. 1994;46:151-157.
Nutt JG, Woodward WR, Beckner RM, et al. Effect of peripheral catechol-O-methyltransferase
inhibition on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of levodopa in parkinsonian patients.
Neurology. 1994;44:913-919.
Sawle GV, Burn DJ, Morrish PK, et al. The effect of entacapone (OR-611) on brain
[18F]-6-L-fluorodopa metabolism: implications for levodopa therapy of Parkinson's disease.
Neurology. 1994;44:1292-1297.
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Effect of COMT inhibitors on the pharmacokinetics of controlled-release levodopa
Ahtila S, Kaakkola S, Gordin A, et al. Effect of entacapone, a COMT inhibitor,
on the pharmacokinetics and metabolism of levodopa after administration of controlled-release
levodopa-carbidopa in volunteers. Clin Neuropharmacol. 1995;18:46-57.
Piccini P, Brooks DJ, Korpela K, et al. The catechol-O-methyltransferase
(COMT) inhibitor entacapone enhances the pharmacokinetic and clinical response to Sinemet
CR in Parkinson's disease. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2000;68:589-594.
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Pivotal trials of entacapone: clinical data
Parkinson Study Group. Entacapone improves motor fluctuations in
levodopa-treated Parkinson's disease patients. Ann Neurol. 1997;42:747-755.
Rinne UK, Larsen JP, Siden Ä, et al. Entacapone enhances the response to
levodopa in parkinsonian patients with motor fluctuations. Neurology. 1998;51:1309-1314.
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